Learn. Build. Improve.
Guides, tutorials, technical references, and verified schematics for MOGUL TEAM members, rookie cadets, and competitive autonomous robotics builders. Tested on live arena asphalt.
Competition Pit Emergency Toolkit & Spares Manifest
Recommended road-case packing list for regionals, nationals and international opens
Turnigy LiPo 2S 45C Discharge Voltage Telemetry Log
Bench dynamometer voltage sag vs throttle dataset for battery cutoff calibration
QTR-HD 15-Channel Normalization & Centroid Routine
C++ sensor calibration firmware ready for Arduino IDE or PlatformIO
Line Follower V3 Technical Dossier & CAD Package
Full 3D assemblies, motor brackets & carbon fiber DXF cutouts
Faulhaber 1717T
DC-Micromotors Series 1717T...SR Specification Sheet
Pololu QTRX-HD Series
Reflectance Sensor Array Electrical Characteristics
ST VNH2SP30
Automotive Fully Integrated H-Bridge Datasheet
Espressif ESP32-S3
Official Hardware Design Guidelines Rev 1.4
Arena Lighting & Glare Optical Shielding
High-intensity metal-halide arena floodlights cause high ADC sensor saturation. Our 3D printable black PLA sensor shroud prevents false line triggers.
LiPo Fireproof Bag Pit Containment
All lithium chemistry packs must be charged, balanced, and stored inside certified fiberglass LiPo-safe envelopes. Unattended charging is instant pit suspension.
Dimensional Weight & Size Box Gate
Line follower and Sumo robots must slide smoothly into the aluminum sizing jig without manual deflection. Wire overhangs or zip ties protruding result in failure.
SMD 0603 Reflow & Hot Air Soldering
Using the lab's programmable reflow plate and hot air wands for surface-mount resistors, decoupling capacitors, and QFN chips.
MOSFET Thermal & Flyback Diodes
Preventing inductive motor kickback spikes from frying the microcontroller via Schottky clamping and copper heatsink thermal vias.
4-Layer KiCad Ground Plane Partitioning
Separating motor high-current switching return paths from sensitive analog ADC ground planes to stop sensor jitter.
Turnigy LiPo Safety & Storage Protocol
Safe storage voltages (3.82V/cell), balanced charging rates (1C max in lab), and puncture containment protocols.
20kHz MCPWM Motor Duty Cycle Inversion Drivers
Ultrasonic PWM frequency configuration using ESP32 MCPWM peripheral to eliminate motor hum while maintaining clean complementary half-bridge switching.
Weighted Centroid & Optical Non-Linear Normalization
Mathematical derivation of line position estimation using calibrated 12-bit ADC inputs, dynamic floor thresholding, and lost-line state machines.
Dual-Core FreeRTOS Task Pinning on ESP32-S3
Isolating high-frequency 1000Hz motor control loop on Core 1 while handling Wi-Fi UDP telemetry and status LEDs on Core 0 without priority inversion.
Mongol Aspiration International School Lab 204 Pre-Competition Pit & Inspection Checklist
Official 24-point scrutineering protocol used by team captains prior to match queueing. Covers wire gauge compliance, optical sensor shielding, emergency kill switches, and battery limits.
High-Current Dual H-Bridge & LiPo Power Bus Architecture
Design schematics for dual VNH2SP30 drivers delivering 30A transient peaks. Includes copper pour thermal heat sinking, TVS diode flyback protection, and low-ESR filtering.
Pololu QTRX-HD Optical Calibration & Dynamic Centroid Manual
Step-by-step procedure for 15-channel reflectance sensor normalization against variable surface sheen, ambient 60Hz flicker, and acute line transitions.
Cascaded PID Control for Autonomous Line Tracers
Complete mathematical breakdown of cascaded position and angular velocity loops running at 1000Hz on ESP32-S3 FreeRTOS core 1, featuring integral anti-windup clamping.
Start Here: Zero to Arena Ready
Never touched a soldering iron or written a line of embedded C? Follow this sequential 7-step mastery path validated across 4 competition seasons.
Robotics Basics
Before touching an active 45C LiPo pack or high-speed Dremel, every MOGUL TEAM cadet must clear the 12-point shop safety walk-through. Includes soldering bench air ventilation protocols, correct fire retardant bag deployment, and precision wire stripping.
Featured Technical Resources
Mongol Aspiration International School Lab 204 Pre-Competition Pit & Inspection Checklist
Official 24-point scrutineering protocol used by team captains prior to match queueing. Covers wire gauge compliance, optical sensor shielding, emergency kill switches, and battery limits.
High-Current Dual H-Bridge & LiPo Power Bus Architecture
Design schematics for dual VNH2SP30 drivers delivering 30A transient peaks. Includes copper pour thermal heat sinking, TVS diode flyback protection, and low-ESR filtering.
Pololu QTRX-HD Optical Calibration & Dynamic Centroid Manual
Step-by-step procedure for 15-channel reflectance sensor normalization against variable surface sheen, ambient 60Hz flicker, and acute line transitions.
Cascaded PID Control for Autonomous Line Tracers
Complete mathematical breakdown of cascaded position and angular velocity loops running at 1000Hz on ESP32-S3 FreeRTOS core 1, featuring integral anti-windup clamping.
Programming & Embedded Firmware
Hard real-time deterministic loops, FreeRTOS tasks, and telemetry pipelines.
Dual-Core FreeRTOS Task Pinning on ESP32-S3
Isolating high-frequency 1000Hz motor control loop on Core 1 while handling Wi-Fi UDP telemetry and status LEDs on Core 0 without priority inversion.
Weighted Centroid & Optical Non-Linear Normalization
Mathematical derivation of line position estimation using calibrated 12-bit ADC inputs, dynamic floor thresholding, and lost-line state machines.
20kHz MCPWM Motor Duty Cycle Inversion Drivers
Ultrasonic PWM frequency configuration using ESP32 MCPWM peripheral to eliminate motor hum while maintaining clean complementary half-bridge switching.
Electronics, PCB Design & Power Systems
Handling high-discharge LiPo batteries, thermal dissipation, and noise mitigation.
Turnigy LiPo Safety & Storage Protocol
Safe storage voltages (3.82V/cell), balanced charging rates (1C max in lab), and puncture containment protocols.
4-Layer KiCad Ground Plane Partitioning
Separating motor high-current switching return paths from sensitive analog ADC ground planes to stop sensor jitter.
MOSFET Thermal & Flyback Diodes
Preventing inductive motor kickback spikes from frying the microcontroller via Schottky clamping and copper heatsink thermal vias.
SMD 0603 Reflow & Hot Air Soldering
Using the lab's programmable reflow plate and hot air wands for surface-mount resistors, decoupling capacitors, and QFN chips.
Robot Control & Dynamics Flow
Click through each block in our high-speed feedback loop to explore telemetry whitepapers and mathematical models used in our championship line followers.
1000Hz Cascaded Velocity & Steering Loop
The outer loop calculates desired angular rate from sensor offset, while the inner loop governs Faulhaber coreless motor EMF speeds with anti-windup clamping.
Build by Robot Type
Select your competition class for targeted bill-of-materials, CAD frames, and sample firmware.
Line Follower V3 (Photon)
Ultra-light carbon fiber chassis, twin Faulhaber 1717T coreless motors, 15-channel reflectance sensor array, and magnetic downforce tunnel.
Mini Sumo 500g (Razorback)
Hardened steel scoop wedge, high-torque micro metal gearmotors, front opponent distance sensors, and edge-detection IR phototransistors.
Mega Sumo 3kg (Vortec)
Neodymium magnetic array for high-force downforce on steel dohyo arenas, brushless outrunners with planetary reductions.
Apex MK-IV (SLAM Navigator)
RPLiDAR 360-degree laser mapping platform with wheel encoders and IMU extended Kalman filter fusion for indoor pathfinding.
RC Arena Platform (Telemetry Scout)
Low-latency RF controlled drive base with FPV video feed and telemetry overlay for pilot station HUD.
Arduino Rookie Rover (Testbed)
Breadboard-friendly chassis utilizing standard gearmotors, an OLED status display, and a rotary encoder for beginner exercises.
MOGUL TEAM Component Library
Standardized inventory maintained in our parts drawers with tested pinout tables and verified driver libraries.
ESP32-S3-WROOM-1
Dual-core Xtensa 32-bit LX7 up to 240MHz, 8MB Flash, 512KB SRAM, 2.4GHz Wi-Fi + BLE 5. Primary computation brain.
Pololu QTRX-HD-15RC
High-density reflectance sensor array with 4mm pitch IR emitter/phototransistor pairs. Fast RC discharge read.
VNH2SP30 Monster Moto
Full H-bridge high current MOSFET driver capable of 14A continuous and 30A peak at 5.5V to 16V operating supply.
Faulhaber 1717T006SR
High precision Swiss coreless DC motor. Extremely fast mechanical time constant of 5.3ms, zero cogging, 18,000 max RPM.
Turnigy Nano-Tech 2S 850mAh
7.4V 45C continuous discharge, 90C burst lithium-polymer pack. Equipped with XT30 connector and JST-XH balance lead.
RPLiDAR A1M8 360°
Laser triangulation sensor performing 8,000 samples per second up to 12 meters distance at 5.5Hz rotational scan rate.
Downloadable Repository & CAD Assets
Direct downloads for CAD packages, schematics, and official match sheets.
| Resource / Document Title | Format | Size | Revision Date | Verified By | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEP Line Follower V3 Technical Dossier & CAD Package Full 3D assemblies, motor brackets & carbon fiber DXF cutouts | .STEP / .DXF | 18.4 MB | Jan 2026 | Leo Zhang (CNC) | |
| PDF Mongol Aspiration International School Lab 204 Pre-Competition Pit & Inspection Checklist Official 24-point scrutineering protocol used by team captains prior to match queueing. Covers wire gauge compliance, optical sensor shielding, emergency kill switches, and battery limits. | 1.2 MB | Feb 2026 | Bat-Erdene Batbold | ||
| CPP QTR-HD 15-Channel Normalization & Centroid Routine C++ sensor calibration firmware ready for Arduino IDE or PlatformIO | .CPP / .INO | 45 KB | Dec 2025 | Elena Rostova | |
| ZIP 4-Layer KiCad Ground Plane Partitioning Separating motor high-current switching return paths from sensitive analog ADC ground planes to stop sensor jitter. | .ZIP | 4.8 MB | Jan 2026 | Maya Patel | |
| CSV Turnigy LiPo 2S 45C Discharge Voltage Telemetry Log Bench dynamometer voltage sag vs throttle dataset for battery cutoff calibration | .CSV | 320 KB | Nov 2025 | Lab Bench Rig 2 | |
| PDF Competition Pit Emergency Toolkit & Spares Manifest Recommended road-case packing list for regionals, nationals and international opens | 850 KB | Jan 2026 | Maya & Leo |
Embedded Code Repository
Plug-and-play C++ algorithms verified on ESP32-S3 FreeRTOS core environments.
// MOGUL TEAM 30524 - Deterministic Cascaded PID Loop
// Target: ESP32-S3 Core 1 FreeRTOS Task (1000Hz / 1ms tick)
#include "esp_timer.h"
#include "driver/mcpwm.h"
void vPIDControlTask(void *pvParameters) {
TickType_t xLastWakeTime = xTaskGetTickCount();
const TickType_t xFrequency = pdMS_TO_TICKS(1); // Exact 1000Hz update
float error = 0.0f, prevError = 0.0f, integral = 0.0f;
const float Kp = 1.420f, Ki = 0.015f, Kd = 0.285f;
const float MAX_INTEGRAL = 250.0f; // Anti-windup limit
for (;;) {
// Read 15-channel normalized line centroid (-7000 to +7000)
float currentPosition = getCalibratedLinePosition();
error = 0.0f - currentPosition; // Center target is 0
// Anti-windup clamped integral accumulation
integral += error;
if (integral > MAX_INTEGRAL) integral = MAX_INTEGRAL;
else if (integral < -MAX_INTEGRAL) integral = -MAX_INTEGRAL;
float derivative = (error - prevError);
float steeringCorrection = (Kp * error) + (Ki * integral) + (Kd * derivative);
prevError = error;
// Apply differential PWM duty cycles to Faulhaber motors
driveMotorsDifferential(BASE_SPEED, steeringCorrection);
// Deterministic delay: wait until exactly 1ms has elapsed
vTaskDelayUntil(&xLastWakeTime, xFrequency);
}
}Competition Prep & Regulations
Avoid disqualification. Verified guidelines for technical inspections at regional and national robotics tournaments.
Dimensional Weight & Size Box Gate
Line follower and Sumo robots must slide smoothly into the aluminum sizing jig without manual deflection. Wire overhangs or zip ties protruding result in failure.
LiPo Fireproof Bag Pit Containment
All lithium chemistry packs must be charged, balanced, and stored inside certified fiberglass LiPo-safe envelopes. Unattended charging is instant pit suspension.
Arena Lighting & Glare Optical Shielding
High-intensity metal-halide arena floodlights cause high ADC sensor saturation. Our 3D printable black PLA sensor shroud prevents false line triggers.
Datasheet Directory
Verified vendor datasheets cached locally in MOGUL TEAM to ensure offline tournament access.
Espressif ESP32-S3
Official Hardware Design Guidelines Rev 1.4
ST VNH2SP30
Automotive Fully Integrated H-Bridge Datasheet
Pololu QTRX-HD Series
Reflectance Sensor Array Electrical Characteristics
Faulhaber 1717T
DC-Micromotors Series 1717T...SR Specification Sheet
Built by MOGUL TEAM Cadets
Every schematic, tutorial, and code module in this repository is authored, bench-tested, and maintained by student engineers in MOGUL TEAM.
Learn Something. Build Something.
Apply these blueprints inside our competition engineering room. Meet the team, get access to the 3D printers, and test your code on the arena track.